Grooving-plane.



N0. 707,28I. Patented Aug. l9. I902.

J. A. TRAUT.

GROOVING PLANE.

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JUSTUS A. TRAUT, OF NEYV BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT.

GROOVlNG-PLAN E.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 707,28 1, dated Au ust19, 1902.

- Application filed April 28, 1902.

Serial No. 104,972. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JUsTUs A. TRAUT, a citizen of the United States,residing in New Britaimin the county of Hartford and State ofConnecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inGrooving-Planes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention' relates to planes; and it consists substantially in theimprovements hereinafter particularly described.

The invention has reference more especially to planes such as areemployed for cutting or forminggrooves in the surfaces of wood and othermaterials; and the principal object of the invention is to provide aplane of this character with means for effecting the cutting orformation in the surface of the work operated upon of grooves havingsides or walls which are curved from end to end, and also to providemeans for insuring the evenness of cut or formation of the angular edgesof the grooves, as Well as the bases and sides thereof.

A further object is to provide a groovingplane of this special characterwith means for maintaining or preserving the true curvilinear path ofthe cutting devices of the plane throughout the full extent of thegrooves formed thereby, and also to provide means whereby the plane maybe readily adapted to the cutting or formation of grooves having sidesorwalls of differentor varying degrees of curvature.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a plane of thischaracter which is exceedingly simple and easily handled in theperformance of the work required of it, and also to provide means formeeting all requirements of use of the plane.

The above and additional objects are at-' tained by means substantiallysuch as are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1is a view in perspective of a grooving-plane structure embodying theessential features of my improvements,'the said plane being shown asapplied for use in 'the cutting or formation of curved grooves in thesurface of a block of wood or other piece of work operated upon; andFig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the plane structure, showing an elementof my improvements which is omitted from Fig. 1 for the purpose of.clearness. Fig. 3 is an enlarged bottom plan View in from end to end.

Before proceeding with a more detailed description it may be stated thatwhile I have herein provided an ordinary grooving-plane with specialmeans for the cutting of grooves having sides or walls which are curvedfrom end to end it will be understood that the adaptability or capacityof the plane for cutting grooves having straight sides or walls from endto end is not altered in the slightest respect. Hence the greateradvantage of my improvements. With some kinds of planes for cutting orforming straight-sided grooves in the work operated upon it' is usual toemploy a suitable gage having a straight edge I or face for moving uponor against a corresponding straight edge or face formed on the adjacentpart of the work, the said gage serving to guide the cutting devicesevenly and being adjustable, by which to vary the distance of thegrooves from the edges of the work as well as from each other.

In constructing a grooving-plane according to my present improvements Imay employ a well-known form of plane having at one side thereof anadjustable gage formed with a straight edge extending substantiallyparallel with the sides of the plane-stock, and to said straight edge Iapply one or more speciallyconstructed lateral bearings for the planestructure, said bearings being designed to work upon or against one sideor edge'of the work in the formation of grooves having either straightor curved sides or walls. For the cutting or formation of straight-sidedgrooves the adjacent side or edge of the work is made straight, whilefor the cutting or formation of grooves having curved sides the adjacentside or edge of the work operated upon is constantly deflected to oneside in a manner to cause the cutting edge of the bit or plane-iron tofollow the desired curvilinear path, and it may be stated that suchconstant deflection causes the effective edge of the said bit orplane-iron to operate upon the work with a glancing or shearing out,which is much more efiective in removing the necessary quantities ofmaterial for the production of the grooves. It may also be stated thatin order to insure the evenness of cut of the angular edges of thecurved grooves I provide suitable scorers or cutting devices in advanceof and slightly beyond the ends of the cutting edge of the plane-iron orhit, said devices operating in a manner and for the purpose hereinaftermore fully understood.

Specific reference being had to the accompanying drawings, A representsa groovingplane embodying my improvements, the same comprising a stock0., having a suitable grip or handle b and provided with the usual bitor plane-iron c, the effective or cutting edge of which is indicated atd. Attached or secured to one side of said stock 0; is a bracket 13,which is provided at points in advance and to the rear of the saidcutting edge 01 with bearings e e, which receive the inner end portionsof parallel bars or rods ff, on which are slidably fitted the sleeveportions g g of a guide or gage C, said gage being of ordinary form andconstructed with a straight edge or surface it adjacent the saidplane-stock a,said sleeve portions being each provided with a setscrew 7working in the side thereof, the said screws being for the purpose oftightening the gage in different positions of adjustment on said bars orrods ff. To the said straight edge or surface of the said gage Idetachably secure one or more lateral hearings or blocks D, havingcurved faces on, which are designed to bear upon a curved side or edge Zof the work operated upon in the application of the plane structure tocut or form curved grooves in the surface of such work, substantially asis indicated at Fig. 1. The said hearings or blocks D may be constructedof wood, metal,

or othersuitable material, as is apparent, and they may also be attachedor secured to the gage in any suitable manner, screws 0 0 being employedfor that purpose in the present instance. Preferably I employ one ofsuch bearings or blocks D at a point to one side of and in advance ofthe cutting edge (:1 of the bit or plane-iron c and another at a pointto the rear of such edge, and thus I may effectually operate the planestructure in the cutting or formation of grooves having either straightor curved sides or walls. It may be stated also that by continuing thecurved side or edge Z of the work in the formation of a complete circlethe plane structure may be operated to cut or form circular grooves inthe surface of such work, as is apparent, and it will be understood thatby reversing the said plane structure and applying the curved hearingsor blocks D to the opposite concave side or edge 19 of the work similarcurved grooves may also be formed in the surface of the work in a likemanner. In the use of this described embodiment of my invention forforming curved. grooves from end to end of a piece of work, however, theforemost one of the said curved blocks or bearings D of the gage leavesthe foremost end of the Work before the cutting edge of the bit. orplaneiron 0 has been carried forward far enough to complete the groove,and in the absence of the hearing afforded by said block against thework the entire plane structure is apt to twist or turn to one side orthe other from the moving force applied thereto, and thus divert thecutting edge of the plane-iron from the true curvilinear path itisintended to follow. To obviate any such tendency, however, I prefer inmost instances to employ substantially a similar block or bearing Dintermediate the other two and at the same side of the plane-stocksubstantially coincident with the cutting edge at of the planeiron, orslightly in advance thereof, and thus it will be seen that the truecurvilinear path of the said cutting edge of the plane-iron is alwaysmaintained throughout the full extent of the grooves formed thereby. Thesaid intermediate hearing or block D may not be constructed the same asthe bearings or curved blocks D D; but preferablyI construct the same inthe present instance of a simple screw r, having a curved or roundedhead 5 to bear against the curved side or edge of the Work,saidscrewbeing adjustably inserted in a threaded opening therefor extendingthrough the connecting memberf between said blocks D D and the guide orgage G, as shown. On the outer end of said screw is a suitable jamnut tofor securing the same to the positions to which it may be adjust-ed. Itwill be understood that in some instances I may employ the saidintermediate bearing D alone and dispense with the outer hearings orblocks D D for certain kinds of work-as, forinstance, when cutting orforming curved grooves of exceedingly limited extent or dimensions fromend to end. In most cases, however, I prefer the use or employment ofsaid outer hearings or blocks on account of the stability affordedtherebyin the operation of the plane structure, including, as the latterdoes, the gage and its appurtenances. I may also add that while I haveherein illustrated my improvements as applied to a certain form ofgrooving plane and gage I am not limited to the use of these particularembodiments in the practice of my invention, as is apparent.

In virtue of the curved formation of the surfaces of the bearings orblocks D D when the plane structure is applied in a manner to have suchblocks cot'iperate with the concavedflside or edge of the work operatedupon the whole plane structure is deflected inwardly in such manner asto keep the cutting edge of the plane-iron in the desired curvilinearpath, all as hereinbefore men- ICC tioned, and it may also be said thatsubstantially the same effect is had when the said hearings or blocks DD are applied to the convex side or edge of the work.

It should be explained at this point that if the cutting edge of theplane-iron should be made as wide as the predetermined width of grooveto be formed in the work, then as a result of the deflection of theplane struc-. ture already explained the said cutting edge would tend toride over the edges of the grooves, and thus mutilate said edges ordestroy the angular. symmetry thereof. To

guard against any such destructive tendency,

Iconstruct the cutting edge of the plane-iron a little less in widththan the intended width of the groove and I locate in advance of saidcutting edge what I term scoring? devices 2 2, which are arrangedslightly to one side of or beyond the ends of the cutting edge 61 or ata distance apart substantially equal to the width of the groove to beformed. In this way the said scoring devices form parallel grooves inthe work in advance of the main groove formed by the said cutting edge01, and thus is the latter enabled to properly conform to thepredetermined curvilinear path therefor without in anymanner injuringthe edges of the grooves. As .the plane structure is operatedoverthesurface of the work, the bed of material remaining between the narrowparallel grooves formed by said scoring devices is successfully removedin an even manner by the slight shearing effect given to the cuttingedge of the said planeiron, as already mentioned.

I am not limited to the specific construction or organization ofelements herein illus trated and described, and it is evident that it isimmaterial at which side of the planestock the adjustable gage and itsappurtenances are supported. It shouldbe added as another reasontherefor that the cutting edge 01 of the bit or plane-iron c is madeless in length than the predetermined width of the curved groove to beformed in the work to enable the same to partake of the deflection ofthe plane structure without upturning or tearing away the edges of thegroove, and it is also added that the scoring devices 2 2 in advance ofsaid cutting edge 01 are each held to one side of the plane-stock bymeans of a screw 6, so as to enable said devices to be detached at anytime for sharpening purposes or to be replaced by others.

In order to enable the cutting or formation of short curved grooves tobe effected by the use of my improvements, more especially when thelateral bearing-blocks are made to ride a concaved orinner curved sideor surface of the work operated upon, I make said bearing-blocksadjustable to be moved toward each other and secured in position, andWhile any suitable means may be employed for this purpose I have hereinindicated a simple construction therefor at Fig. 4:. Thusin said Fig. 4I construct the straight portion or surface 72/ of the gageOwith twooblong openings or slots 8 B, passing throughwhich are tightening orfastening screws 9 9, which enter the lateral bearings or blocks D D Itis evident that by loosening said screws they and the said bearings orblocks may be adjusted along said straight'portion or surface 773, afterwhich the screws may be again tightened to secure the blocks'in place. I

Having described my invention, I claim- 1. A grooving-plane structurecomprising a stock having a bit, and means supported substantially inline withthecutting-edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface ofthework operated upon, said means consisting of a screw having a curvedheadh 2. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having. a bit, agage .lateral ,to the stock,.and means on: the gage substantially inline with the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surfaceofthe work operated upon, saidmeans including a screw working in anopeningin the gage and having a curved head.

3. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit,meanslateral to the stock both in advance of and to the reariof thecutting edge of said bit for engaginga curved surfaceof the workoperated upon,

and a screw supported substantially in .line. with said cuttingedge andhavinga curved a stock having a bit, a gage lateralto the.

stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to the rear of thecuttingedge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the workoperated upon, and a screw supported by. the gage substantially in linewith the said cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging thecurvedsurface of the work.

5. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a ,bit, meanslateral to the stock both in advance of. and to the rear of the cuttingedge of said bit for engaginga curved surface of, the WOIlI operatedupon, and a screw supported in line with said cutting edge and having acurved head also. engaging the curved surface of the work,.said meanseach being adjustable toward the other.

6. A grooving-plane structure .comprising a stock having a bit, a gagelateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to therear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface ofthe work operated upon, and a screw supported by the gage substantiallyin. line with the cutting edge and having a curved head also engagingthe curved surface of the work, said means each being adjustable towardthe other.

7. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a'gagelateral to the stock, means onthe gagew both in advance of and to therear of the cutting edge of said-bit for engaging a curved surface ofthe work 0perated upon, and a screw supported by the gage substantiallyin line with said cutting edge and having a curved head also engagingthe curved surface of the work, said gage being adjustable toward andfrom the stock.

8. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gagelateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to therear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface ofthe work operated upon, and a screw supported by the gage substantiallyin line with said cutting edge and having a curved head also engagingthe curved surface of the work, said gage being adjustable toward andfrom the stock, and said means each being adjustable toward the other.

9. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, meanslateral to the stock both in advance of and to the rear of the cuttingedge of said bit for engaging a curved surface of the work operatedupon, a screw supported substantially in line with the cutting edge andhaving a curved head also engaging the curved surface of the work, andscoring devices located beyond the ends and in advance of the saidcutting edge;

10. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gagelateral to the stock, means on the gage both in advance of and to therear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaging a curved surface ofthe work operated upon, a screw supported by the gage substantially inline with the cutting edge and having a curved head also engaging thecurved surface of the work, and scoring devices located beyond the endsand in advance of the said cutting edge.

11. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gagelateral to the stock, a block on the gage both in advance of and to therear of the cutting edge of said bit and having acurved surfaceforengaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screwsupported by the gage intermediate of said blocks and having a curvedhead also engaging the curved surface of the work.

12. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gagelateral to the stock, a block on the gage both in advance of and to therear of the cutting edge of said bit and having a curved surface forengaging a curved surface of the work operated upon, and a screwsupported by the gage intermediate of said blocks and having a curvedhead also engaging the curved surface of the work, said blocks beingadjustable toward each other longitudinally of the gage, and said screwbeing adjustable toward and from the stock.

13. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gageparallel with and lateral to the stock, means on the gage both inadvance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaginga curved surface of the work operated upon and adapted to deflect thestructure laterally in the planing movements thereof to cause saidcutting edge to follow a path parallel with such curved surface, andsimilar means substantially in line with said cutting edge, said gagebeing adjustable toward and from the stock, and each of the meansspecified being adjustable on the gage and consisting of a lateralbearing or block having a curved surface.

14:. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gageparallel with and lateral to the stock, means on the gage both inadvance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaginga curved surface of the work operated upon and adapted to deflect thestructure laterally in the planing movements thereof to cause saidcutting edge to follow a path parallel with such curved surface, and ascrew supported by the gage substantially in line with said cutting edgeand having a curved head also for engaging the curved surface of thework, said gage being adjustable toward and away from the stock, andsaid means each being adjustable on the gage and consisting of a lateralhearing or block having a curved surface.

15. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gageparallel with and lateral to the stock, means on the gage both inadvance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaginga curved surface of the work operated upon and adapted to deflect thestructure laterally in the planing movements thereof to cause saidcutting edge to follow a path parallel with such curved surface,similarmeans substantiallyin line with said cutting edge,and scoring deviceslocated beyond the ends and in advance of the cutting edge, said gagebeing adjustable toward and from the stock, and each of the meansspecified being adjustable on the gage and consisting of a lateralbearing having a curved surface.

16. A grooving-plane structure comprising a stock having a bit, a gageparallel with and lateral to the stock, means on the gage both inadvance of and to the rear of the cutting edge of said bit for engaginga curved surface of the work operated upon and adapted to deflect thestructure laterally in the planing movements thereof to cause saidcutting edge to follow a path parallel with such curved surface, a screwsupported by the gage substantially in line with said cutting edge andhaving a curved head also for engaging the curved surface of the Work,and scoring devices located beyond the ends and in advance of thecutting edge, said gage being adjustable toward and from the stock, andsaid means each being adjustable on the gage and consisting of a lateralbearing or block having a curved surface.

JUSTUS A. TRAUT.

WVitnesses:

EBEN STRONG, FRANK S. TRAUT.

